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  <title>DSpace Collection:</title>
  <link rel="alternate" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10316/15925" />
  <subtitle />
  <id>http://hdl.handle.net/10316/15925</id>
  <updated>2020-03-07T13:41:21Z</updated>
  <dc:date>2020-03-07T13:41:21Z</dc:date>
  <entry>
    <title>Age-dependent variations of radial growth, intra-annual density fluctuations and pointer years in Pinus pinaster under Mediterranean climate</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10316/44375" />
    <author>
      <name>Vieira, Joana</name>
    </author>
    <id>http://hdl.handle.net/10316/44375</id>
    <updated>2019-06-02T10:14:05Z</updated>
    <published>2008-11-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: Age-dependent variations of radial growth, intra-annual density fluctuations and pointer years in Pinus pinaster under Mediterranean climate
Authors: Vieira, Joana
Abstract: Dendrochronology generally assumes that climate-growth relationships are age independent once the biological growth trend has been removed. However, tree physiology changes with age, namely photosynthetic capacity and hydraulic conductivity. Additionally, in a scenario involving climate change it is important to verify if the relationship between tree growth and climate is also changing. We tested whether the radial growth response to climate and the frequency of intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) and pointer years (PY) of Pinus pinaster Ait. varied with age. It was also investigated whether the climatic factors triggering IADFs formation were stable over time. Trees were sampled in Pinhal de Leiria (Portugal), and were divided in two age-classes: young (&lt;65 years-old) and old (&gt;115 year-old). Earlywood and tree-ring width of young P. pinaster trees were more sensitive to climate influence while the response of latewood width to climate was stronger in old trees. Young trees start the growing season earlier, thus a time window delay occurs between young and old trees during which wood cells of young trees integrate environmental signals. Intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) in tree-rings are produced as a response to variations in climatic conditions during the growing season, particularly water availability. Young trees usually have a longer growing season and respond faster to climate conditions, thus young P. pinaster trees presented a higher frequency of IADFs compared with old trees. Most of the IADFs were located in latewood and were positively correlated to autumn precipitation. The radial-growth response of P. pinaster to climate and the IADFs frequency were age dependent. The use of trees with different age to create a tree ring chronology for climate studies can increase the resolution of climatic signals. Age-dependent responses to climate can also give important clues to predict how young and old trees react to climate change.&#xD;
If IADFs frequency was higher in young P. pinaster, how was the frequency of IADFs when old trees were young? The frequency of IADFs in old P. pinaster trees was analyzed from 1900 to 2006. The high frequency of latewood IADFs during the beginning of the 20th century was probably age related, since IADFs are more prone to occur in younger and wider tree-rings. From the 40s to the 70s IADFs frequency decreased in parallel with a general increase of the tree-ring width. From 1970 onward, it was observed an increase of IADFs frequency and a decrease of tree-ring width. The increase of IADFs frequency in narrower rings suggests that climate conditions favoring IADFs formation were becoming more frequent. Latewood IADFs were positively correlated with September to December precipitation and with November and December temperature, but this correlation changed over time. In the last 30 years, the precipitation in October and the temperatures of November and December increased, partly explaining the higher frequency of IADFs since the 70s. Our results suggest that the frequency of IADFs and the change of their frequency over time can help us understand how trees are being affected by climatic changes. The frequency of extreme climatic events is increasing in the last 50 years. These climatic extremes are recorded in tree-rings width, with the formation of wide and narrow tree-rings, named pointer years (PY). In P. pinaster narrow PY were formed in exceptionally dry years and wide PY in years of abundant precipitation. Narrow PY were more frequent than the wide ones and young trees presented more PY than old trees, showing that young trees are more sensitive to drought conditions. Additionally, most of the narrow PY occurred after the 70s, confirming that the frequency of extreme climatic events is increasing in the last decades. The climatic signal extracted from the PY chronologies was stronger for specific months suggesting that these chronologies are suited for climatic reconstructions. In conclusion, there are age-dependent responses to climate in P. pinaster trees growing in the Mediterranean region. It is also important to notice that climate changes in the Mediterranean are already being recorded in tree-rings. The study of trees with different age, IADFs and PY frequencies can bring additional climatic information to tree-ring chronologies, important to study past climate conditions.</summary>
    <dc:date>2008-11-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Evolution of invasiveness: the case study of the invasive Oxalis pes - caprae in the Mediterranean basin</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10316/31203" />
    <author>
      <name>Tavares, Daniela Susana Rodrigues</name>
    </author>
    <id>http://hdl.handle.net/10316/31203</id>
    <updated>2019-05-28T23:51:36Z</updated>
    <published>2014-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: Evolution of invasiveness: the case study of the invasive Oxalis pes - caprae in the Mediterranean basin
Authors: Tavares, Daniela Susana Rodrigues
Abstract: Processos rápidos de evolução desempenham muitas vezes um papel chave no processo de invasão por plantas exóticas. Oxalis pes-caprae, uma espécie geófita nativa da África do Sul, tornou-se uma invasora persistente e problemática, encontrando-se largamente distribuída em várias partes do mundo, particularmente em regiões de clima Mediterrânico. O objectivo desta Tese foi avaliar alterações evolutivas em populações de O. pes-caprae na área invadida da bacia do Mediterrâneo ocidental, onde a espécie foi introduzida na segunda metade do século XVIII. Para tal, foi avaliada a existência de diferenças de origem genética em características da planta determinantes no ciclo de vida entre populações invasoras (do oeste Mediterrâneo) e nativas (Sul-Africanas) através de uma experiência de estufa com plantas de ambas as áreas, a crescer em condições controladas, sozinhas ou em competição com Trifolium repens. As características da planta estudadas incluíram o tempo de emergência, o início da floração, a biomassa aérea, a quantidade de ácido oxálico nas folhas, a fluorescência clorofílica, a sobrevivência e a produção final de bolbos. Plantas da área invadida emergiram mais cedo, floriram mais tarde e produziram mais biomassa aérea e um maior número de bolbos do que as plantas da África do Sul. Para além disso, embora a competição interespecífica não tenha afectado qualquer das características estudadas em O. pes-caprae, independentemente da proveniência, o crescimento de T. repens foi significativamente mais afectado por plantas da área invadida do que por plantas nativas. Estes resultados constituem uma forte evidência da ocorrência de diferenciação genética, indicando uma mudança rápida em direcção a um fenótipo com maior potencial invasor em populações Mediterrânicas. Sugere-se que acontecimentos ligados à introdução da espécie e uma rápida evolução adaptativa após a introdução, possivelmente associada a uma realocação de recursos da defesa para o crescimento e reprodução na ausência de inimigos naturais, possam ter contribuído de forma independente ou em conjunto para esta divergência genética.; Rapid evolutionary processes often play key roles in determining the course of plant invasions. Oxalis pes-caprae, a geophyte native to South Africa, has become a persistent, troublesome and widespread invasive weed in several areas of the world, particularly in regions with a Mediterranean climate. The objective of this thesis was to assess evolutionary change in O. pes-caprae populations from the invaded range of the western Mediterranean basin, where the species was introduced at the second half of the eighteenth century. For this, genetically based differences in life-history traits between invasive (western Mediterranean basin) and native (South African) populations were tested for in a greenhouse experiment with plants from both ranges growing under controlled conditions, alone or in competition with Trifolium repens. The life-history traits studied included emergence time, beginning of flowering, aboveground biomass, amount of oxalic acid in the leaves, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, survival and final bulb production. Plants from the invaded region emerged earlier, began flowering later and produced more aboveground biomass and offspring bulbs when compared to South African plants. Furthermore, although interspecific competition had no significant effect on any life-history trait of O. pes-caprae regardless of provenance, T. repens growth was more severely affected by invasive plants than by their native conspecifics. These results provide strong evidence for genetic differentiation, indicating a rapid change toward a phenotype with higher invasive potential in invasive populations. It is suggested that founder events and rapid post-introduction adaptive evolution, possibly associated with a reallocation of resources from defense to growth and reproduction in the absence of natural enemies, may have contributed, independently or in concert, to this divergence.
Description: Dissertação de mestrado em Ecologia (Investigação em Ecologia), apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.</summary>
    <dc:date>2014-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Evolution of haploid chromosome numbers in the sunflower family. Are genomic duplications associated to ancient climate changes?</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10316/29014" />
    <author>
      <name>Mota, Luciie</name>
    </author>
    <id>http://hdl.handle.net/10316/29014</id>
    <updated>2019-05-29T00:14:07Z</updated>
    <published>2014-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: Evolution of haploid chromosome numbers in the sunflower family. Are genomic duplications associated to ancient climate changes?
Authors: Mota, Luciie
Abstract: A extraordinária diversidade das plantas terrestres está associada a uma imensa variação&#xD;
genética manifestada também por uma grande variedade de números cromossomáticos.&#xD;
As alterações no número cromossomático que ocorreram durante a evolução das&#xD;
angiospérmicas tiveram provavelmente um papel fundamental no processo de especiação,&#xD;
sendo o seu estudo de uma elevada importância, especialmente agora que existem&#xD;
métodos probabilísticos que possibilitam o estudo da evolução cromossomática num&#xD;
contexto filogenético. Na presente Tese, estes modelos foram aplicados à maior família&#xD;
de plantas com flor, a família das Asteraceae. Especificamente, foram usadas duas superárvores&#xD;
filogenéticas desta família de modo a reconstruir o número cromossomático&#xD;
ancestral e inferir o número de eventos genómicos como duplicações e disploidias.&#xD;
Adicionalmente, testou-se a ligação entre duplicações genómicas e períodos ancestrais de&#xD;
alterações climáticas. Os resultados desta Tese evidenciaram que n = 9 foi o número&#xD;
cromossomático ancestral mais provável para a família, independentemente da superárvore&#xD;
utilizada. Foi igualmente notório que as duplicações genómicas e as disploidias&#xD;
descendentes foram eventos genómicos comuns durante a evolução da família&#xD;
Asteraceae. O aumento no número de cromossomas causado pelos eventos de duplicação&#xD;
está relacionado com a elevada frequência de redução no número de cromossomas, a qual&#xD;
constitui o tipo de evento mais comum durante a evolução do número de cromossomas.&#xD;
Também, a abordagem aplicada nesta Tese fornece uma primeira visão sobre a ligação&#xD;
que pode existir entre processos de duplicação genómica e períodos de alterações&#xD;
climáticas. Mais de metade dos ramos com eventos de poliploidização coincide com esses&#xD;
períodos de stress. Estudos filogenéticos e investigações genéticas futuras que permitam&#xD;
obter árvores filogenéticas mais completas ajudarão a datar com mais precisão o momento&#xD;
em que estas duplicações genómicas ocorreram, e consequentemente permitirão uma&#xD;
melhor avaliação da ligação causal entre as alterações climáticas e o sucesso de linhagens&#xD;
poliplóides.; The remarkable diversity of land plants is associated with immense genetic variation&#xD;
manifested also by a wide range of chromosome numbers. Changes of chromosome&#xD;
number during evolution of angiosperms are likely to have played a role in speciation,&#xD;
being their study of utmost importance, especially at the present time when a probabilistic&#xD;
model is available to study chromosome evolution within a phylogenetic framework. In&#xD;
the present study likelihood models of chromosome number evolution were fitted to the&#xD;
largest family of flowering plants, the Asteraceae family. Specifically, two phylogenetic&#xD;
supertrees of this family were used to reconstruct the ancestral chromosome number and&#xD;
infer genomic events, as whole genome duplications and dysploidies. In addition, we&#xD;
tested if genomic duplications were linked with periods of ancient climate changes. The&#xD;
results of this Thesis evidenced that n = 9 was the most probable ancestral chromosome&#xD;
number of the family, irrespectively of the supertrees used. Also, our models supported&#xD;
that genomic duplications, as well as, descending dysploidy, were common genomic&#xD;
events in the evolution of Asteraceae. The increase in the number of chromosomes&#xD;
through polyploidy events was related with a high frequency of chromosome losses which&#xD;
was the most frequent event in the chromosome number evolution. The exploratory&#xD;
approach applied in this Thesis provided a first insight about the linkage that may exist&#xD;
between genome doubling processes and periods of climate changes. More than a half of&#xD;
the branches with polyploidization events coincided with these stressful periods. Further&#xD;
phylogenetic studies and genetic investigations focused in obtaining more complete&#xD;
phylogenetic trees will help to more accurately date the time of occurrence of these&#xD;
ancient genomic duplication, and therefore will allow a better assessment of the causal&#xD;
link between climate changes and the success of polyploid lineages.
Description: Tese de Mestrado em Ecologia (Investigação em Ecologia) apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.</summary>
    <dc:date>2014-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <title>Uma estratégia para a discriminação entre compostos activos e inactivos em experiências de rastreio virtual : COX-1 como caso de estudo</title>
    <link rel="alternate" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10316/26073" />
    <author>
      <name>Carreiras, Pedro Miguel Serrano Germano Calado</name>
    </author>
    <id>http://hdl.handle.net/10316/26073</id>
    <updated>2020-02-04T11:57:56Z</updated>
    <published>2012-01-01T00:00:00Z</published>
    <summary type="text">Title: Uma estratégia para a discriminação entre compostos activos e inactivos em experiências de rastreio virtual : COX-1 como caso de estudo
Authors: Carreiras, Pedro Miguel Serrano Germano Calado
Abstract: Um dos grandes desafios para a realização de experiências de rastreio virtual aplicando técnicas de acoplamento molecular está em encontrar ferramentas capazes de prever boas poses de compostos no local activo de uma proteína e de as pontuar correctamente, de uma forma rápida e com um baixo custo. Neste trabalho foram testadas diferentes estratégias para obter uma melhor discriminação entre compostos activos e inactivos em experiências de rastreio virtual baseadas em técnicas de acoplamento molecular utilizando a COX-1 (ciclooxigenase-1) como caso de estudo. A COX-1 foi escolhida como caso de estudo porque a sua actividade pode ser afectada por diferentes fármacos sem que estes tenham sido desenvolvidos para esse propósito, sendo por isso importante desenvolver estratégias para a identificação desses fármacos.&#xD;
O acoplamento molecular dos compostos no pacote da DUD (A Database of Useful Decoys) para a COX-1 foi realizado com o objectivo de se validar a capacidade do programa AutoDock Vina de prever e pontuar resultados de acoplamento molecular utilizando a COX-1. Adicionalmente, os resultados do acoplamento molecular foram analisados para obter os valores dos parâmetros constituintes da função de pontuação do programa. Estes foram utilizados para gerar classificadores através da utilização do SVM-light, um programa que implementa um algoritmo de Máquinas de Vectores de Suporte (SVM). A avaliação do desempenho da função de pontuação do AutoDock Vina e dos classificadores obtidos com o SVM-light foi realizada para dois conjuntos de “melhores” poses seleccionadas com base: (i) na ordenação dada pela função de pontuação do AutoDock Vina, e (ii) nos resultados de análise de grupos (clustering), aplicando uma análise de curvas ROC, das áreas abaixo das curvas ROC (AUC) e de curvas de enriquecimento e factores de enriquecimento.&#xD;
Os resultados obtidos mostram que a utilização de SVM para o desenvolvimento de classificadores a partir dos parâmetros constituintes da função de pontuação do AutoDock Vina apresenta melhorias significativas na discriminação de compostos activos e inactivos. Adicionalmente, os resultados demonstram que a utilização de novas estratégias como a utilização de uma análise de grupos para seleccionar as “melhores” poses pode melhorar significativamente os resultados do acoplamento molecular.; One of the challenges to perform virtual screening when using docking is finding tools capable of predicting good poses of compounds in the active site of a protein and scoring them correctly, in a fast and cheap way. In this work, different strategies were tested to obtain a better discrimination between active and inactive compounds in virtual screening based on docking techniques using COX-1 (cyclooxygenase-1). COX-1 was chosen as a case study because its activity can be affected by different pharmaceutical drugs, even if these drugs have not been developed for that purpose, and therefore it is important to develop new strategies to identify such active compounds.&#xD;
All active and inactive compounds for COX-1 were obtained from DUD (A Database of Useful Decoys) and docked to COX-1 with the aim of validating the ability of the AutoDock Vina program to predict and score the results. Additionally all the docking results were analyzed to obtain the values of Vilna’s scoring function parameters. These parameters were then used to train classification models with SVM-light, a program that implements an algorithm of support vector machines (SVM). The performance of the AutoDock Vina scoring function and the classification models obtained from the SVM-light were evaluated on two sets of “best” poses selected based on (i) the order given by the AutoDock Vina scoring function, and (ii) the results of clustering analyze of the poses, and then applying analysis of ROC curves, area under the curve ROC (AUC), enrichment curves and enrichment factors.&#xD;
The results show that the use of SVM to development models of classification using the constituent parameters of the AutoDock Vina Scoring function shows significant improvement in discrimination of active and inactive compounds. Also, the results show that the use of others strategies like the clustering analyze of the poses to select the “best” pose besides the one given from the scoring functions of the docking programs can significantly improve the results of the docking.
Description: Dissertação de mestrado em Biologia, apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.</summary>
    <dc:date>2012-01-01T00:00:00Z</dc:date>
  </entry>
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